What Happens Next? The New Nuclear Push in Montana

A summary of the key information is provided at the bottom of the article.

BUTTE, MT - As Montana grapples with growing energy demands, changing environmental goals, and the future of coal, the state is beginning to take a serious look at nuclear power.

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Advocates say it could be a clean, efficient alternative to fossil fuels, while critics warn that it could pose safety and environmental risks—especially for rural communities.

With lawmakers introducing bills to make nuclear more accessible in Montana, the debate is gaining traction.

But what role could nuclear power realistically play in Montana’s energy future?

Montana’s Energy Landscape Is Shifting

Montana has long been known for its abundant coal and hydroelectric power.

In fact, the state is one of the nation’s top net exporters of electricity. But with coal plants facing economic pressure and public scrutiny over emissions, state leaders are exploring what’s next.

Recent legislative efforts—including a bill passed in 2021 removing the voter referendum requirement for building nuclear power plants—have opened the door to nuclear as a potential player in Montana’s long-term energy mix.

A study group was created to examine the issue further, and lawmakers are expected to review their findings during the 2025 session.

What Lawmakers Are Considering

A bipartisan group of lawmakers has been working to understand how small modular reactors (SMRs)—a newer generation of nuclear technology—might fit into Montana’s future.

SMRs are smaller, more flexible than traditional nuclear plants, and are being promoted by some as a safer, more manageable alternative.

Supporters see SMRs as an ideal replacement for aging coal infrastructure. For example, a decommissioned coal site could be converted into a nuclear one, keeping jobs and tax revenue in local communities.

Senator Terry Vermeire (R-Anaconda) and others argue that nuclear power could provide long-term energy stability while helping Montana reduce its carbon footprint.

Proponents also highlight that Montana’s vast open spaces and existing energy infrastructure make it a strong candidate for advanced nuclear deployment.

Concerns About Safety and Community Impact

However, not everyone is on board.

Critics of the nuclear push—including some environmental groups and community activists—warn that nuclear power poses serious risks, especially to rural communities that might host future facilities.

The biggest concerns include potential radioactive leaks, water usage, waste disposal, and the possibility of long-term contamination in the event of an accident.

Some Montanans are also wary of the lack of public input.

Prior to 2021, any move to build a nuclear plant in Montana had to go to a public vote. That requirement has since been lifted, which critics say weakens local control and transparency.

Balancing Innovation With Responsibility

The push for nuclear comes at a time when Montana—and much of the U.S.—is looking for ways to diversify its energy portfolio.

Wind and solar have grown significantly in Montana, but questions remain about their reliability and storage capabilities. Nuclear, some argue, could complement these intermittent sources by providing a consistent energy base.

Still, building a nuclear plant—especially an SMR—is no small task. Even under optimal conditions, development could take years or even decades, with high upfront costs and strict regulatory requirements.

What Happens Next?

The Legislative Interim Committee on Energy and Telecommunications is set to release a full report on the potential of nuclear energy in Montana.

Their findings will likely influence future legislation, including whether the state should invest in SMRs or provide incentives for nuclear development.

Ultimately, the future of energy in Montana remains an open question. Nuclear may prove to be a part of the answer—but it won’t be the only one.

The coming years will likely see a mix of technologies, policies, and public debate shaping Montana’s path forward.

A Turning Point for Montana Energy

Montana stands at a crossroads in its energy future.

While nuclear power presents opportunities for clean and stable energy, it also raises serious questions about safety, cost, and public trust.

As lawmakers, scientists, and communities weigh the risks and benefits, one thing is clear: Montana’s next energy era will require careful planning, transparency, and a commitment to long-term sustainability—no matter which sources win out.

Summary:

Montana is exploring nuclear power as a potential part of its future energy mix, especially as coal declines and renewable energy faces limitations. Lawmakers are considering small modular reactors (SMRs) for their safety and flexibility, and a 2021 law change removed the requirement for public votes on nuclear plant proposals.

Supporters argue nuclear could provide clean, stable power and economic benefits, particularly by repurposing coal sites. However, critics raise concerns about safety, environmental risks, and lack of public input. A legislative study on nuclear’s feasibility is underway, with decisions expected in 2025. The future of Montana’s energy will likely involve a mix of sources, with nuclear still under debate.